|
張家界翻譯公司關鍵字：3, the socialist market economic system is imperfect and unfair competition in the urban-rural income gap widened. Since the reform and opening up, continuous development and improvement of socialist market system, competition in the market mechanism has played an increasingly important role. The result of competition lead to different factors of production workers or owners of the income gap between. In addition, the process of reform and institutional change, on the one hand, because China adopted a gradual reform of the way, the institutional transition in a double system coexist, coupled with some non-economic factors, making the economic reforms or institutional changes disorder occurs in a number of issues to focus rent-seeking and rent-setting behavior, internal control, monopoly, corruption, etc., into the formation of the income gap, especially in urban-rural income gap between the important factor.
(B) of the original system, policy inertia and some macro-policies. The widening gap between urban and rural incomes, to a certain extent with the original system of "policy inertia" are closely linked. Long-standing urban-rural split is the original product of a policy under the system. Agricultural prices acquisition policy, to restrict the farmers into the city policy, tax policy on farmers, farmers' tax burden of the policy, the welfare of the residents of the city subsidies are an important part of the original policy. Since the reform and change these policies be relaxed, but still away from the fundamental change. Since reform and opening, the state implemented a number of macroeconomic policies also widened the income gap: First, the city was shaken into the wrong direction, it is not to increase employment and to attract surplus rural labor force into the city as the main target, but a lot of money, land, etc. resources to invest in urban infrastructure and real estate construction, the urban-rural income gap is widening. The second is to implement the proactive fiscal policy in the process, to low-income groups and high-income groups, unequal opportunities. Rely on infrastructure bonds vigorously focus too much on the medium-sized cities, small towns and rural areas of insufficient attention. Third, inappropriate monetary policy arrangements. "Xianpinaifu" skewed the city's financial policy to make loans to farmers to turn, greatly limited the opportunities for development and farmers' income space.
(C) social security weakness, unequal educational opportunities and other factors. Social Security is that it functions through social insurance, social welfare, social relief and other aspects of the operation, narrowing the gap between income and reduce social instability. However, China's current social security coverage is too narrow, only urban workers enjoy, and farmers rarely enjoy. Enjoy social insurance in this inequality, so that the income gap between urban and rural residents widened. In addition, the level of education also affect the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents is an important factor. Reality, highly educated workers is generally higher than the income level of uneducated or have received very little education members. China's current investment in education is obviously insufficient, especially in rural areas and western regions, because of their income level is not high, so much for investment in education, and lack of investment in education between urban and rural areas will further exacerbate and between eastern and western regions the income distribution gap, forming a vicious circle.
(D) of reality: the slow growth of farmers' income. From the external environment, mainly: 1, China is from an agricultural society to industrial society, agriculture and rural economic development is moving from quantity to quality and economic returns, which requires a fairly long running process of adaptation; 2, China's accession to WTO After the increase in agricultural imports, domestic prices, a period of time will affect farmers' income; 3, the social service system for agriculture, the protection of the interests of farmers not fully established; 4, emphasis on national income distribution policy for farmers not enough; 5, China's urbanization lag. Internal view from the rural areas, mainly: 1, an oversupply of agricultural products in recent years, many, prices, and production costs increase every year; 2, were much less affected by the storm, it is difficult to carry out the scale of operations, production environment and poor infrastructure, per capita agricultural labor income is low; 3, the implementation of agricultural policy in place, farmers are not good; 4, an additional burden on farmers too heavy; 5, grass-roots government and rural use of family planning to increase financial penalties, so that population and poverty issues have been exacerbated.
|